Religion and the United State Consitution - 1500 Words

No other independent enlightenment in the world allows individual independence to the United States of America. American courts, especially the Supreme Court, have improved a set of lawful policies that comprehensively shelter all types of the power of appearance. When it comes to appraising the level to which people take benefit of the occasion to convey believes, many members of culture can be accountable for misusing the boundary of the First Amendment through openly offending others through racism or obscenity (Karen O’Connor Larry J. Sabato 2006). America is what it is because of the Bill of rights and the Constitution of the United States of America. The ratification of the Constitution warranted that religious dissimilarity†¦show more content†¦As people can see, in the beginning, there was much sensitivity prior to the changing of the constitution, which called the Bill of rights; they consist of 10 amendments to the United States Constitution (Peter K, 2005). The first one was a self-government of religion, speech and press, and the right to assemble amicably, protest and demand changes. This was by far the most popular right everyone sought to have. The ability to practice anything and everything, without having to worry about being hanged or driven out was what the American imagined of, and made to happen. Some against but the greater part won the fight. The other nine amendments are all very significant as well, but as people can see, during former times religion has always been at the stem of it all. According to investigators, the unexpressed importance of the Establishment Clause is the affirmative creation of a secular civil order (Alexander, 2004). This in their view rules out the government from forcing, approving and even granting the religious beliefs of American taxpayers. They feel that the correct imaginary line for religious liberty should be stable with a non-religious pubic sphere. They feel that througho ut the former times of the court its rulings have need too permissive with respect to the Establishment Clause and restrictiveShow MoreRelatedCCHI 665 DB 2 Essay1098 Words   |  5 Pageslegacy continued today? According to our text,† Restrictions upon Baptist varied at different times and places from mild harassment to severe persecutions. No Baptist is known to have been executed for religion in America. However, many Baptist were severely whipped, forced to pay taxes to support the state church, had property confiscated, paid fines, and suffered lingering imprisonments. They also faced public harassment; Baptist preachers endured occasional indignities, public baptisms were often mockedRead MoreSame-Sex Marriage Essay examples1111 Words   |  5 Pages One of the biggest controversies sweeping the United States today is the fight in legalizing same-sex marriage. Some states such as Connecticut in 2008, Vermont in 2009, Massachusettes in 2004, New Hapshire in 2010, New York in 2011, and the District of Columbia in 2010 have come to issue same-sex licenses (HRC, 2011). While others recognize same-sex marriages, Maryland in 2010 and Rhode Island in 2007, civil unions,Delaware and Haw aii in 2012, Illinois in 2011 and New Jersey in 2007, and domesticRead MoreWomens Right and Abortion Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pageswhether they could keep their baby, some states didn’t allow abortion, therefore requiring women to give birth to their child. In today’s current issues, abortion is still a controversial subject with millions of people supporting it or not supporting it. Every woman has the right to make changes to her own physical body, and those rights should not be taken away, according to the constitution. In the very famous case in 1973, â€Å"Roe v. Wade†, the United States Supreme Court legalized abortion throughoutRead More Religion and School Prayer in Public Schools Essays1853 Words   |  8 Pagespractice the same religion, Americas first legislators made certain that government intervention in religious matters was prohibited. Therefore, religious freedom was ensured in the First Amendment to the Constitution, as it states, Congres s shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. . . (Whitehead, Rights 49). This statement allowed Americans to f reely express and practice or chose not to practice a religion. The two distinct partsRead More Foreign-Born American, Yes You Can Become President! Essay example2432 Words   |  10 PagesArticle 2, Section 1, Clause 5 of the United States Constitution states that no person except a natural-born citizen shall be eligible to run for President of the United States. This was due to John Jay, the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention, who wrote a letter to George Washington in 1787 arguing that the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Army should not be anyone but a natural-born American (Schneider 6). The Founders were concerned that subversive enemies could force theRead MoreChild Rearing (19th Century)6310 Words   |  26 Pagesafter him and they shall keep the way of the Lord.† (Gen. 12:1 7). It is dedicated to all the heads of young families – the fathers and this also reflects his main topics in his book and especially in the short abridgment I am about to highlight. Religion, Politics, Fathers, all together hand in hand will lead to â€Å"happiness and safety† in the life of children. It mainly is an appeal to all fathers for they are responsible for their â€Å"family government† and even though Humphrey speaks about the perfect

Pros And Cons Of Private Schools Vs. Public Schools

Everyday a parent must make a very important decision about where their kids will attend school or even where they should live. Public schools provide a more diverse experience than do private schools, thereby providing a better education for their students. Can a private school give a child a better education, are the teachers more educated, then a private teacher? Or can a public school give a child a better education? When my family and I were looking for homes on the top of list was the home needed to be in a good school district for our children. When comparing private schools and public schools, it is important to look at the pros and cons of all of them. When talking about the advantages of private schools, it is important to†¦show more content†¦Controlling class size is a many characteristic of many private schools. An average class size in a private school is thirteen students per full-time equivalent teacher, versus sixteen students per teacher in public schools. My two kids attend a public school and the average in my daughter 1st class in thirty-one students to one teacher and one assistant. My son that is in 4th grade is thirty students to one teacher. Controlled Class Sizes would be and should be enforced in public schools. Private schools are designed to meet the needs of students with specially identified educational requirements better than public schools. A pro is that private schools have higher standards, then public school. Graduation requirements and coursework levels are higher at private schools. It is found that private schools required an average of 3.1 years of math and 1.5 years of foreign languages, versus 2.7 and 0.5 years for public schools. In another notable trend, about 40 percent of private schools required some form of community service for students to graduate, versus ten percent for public schools. Another pro to send your child to private school is parental involvement. Private schools make is a priority in inv olve parents in their child schoolings and activities. For example: frequent parent-teacher meetings, social events such as parent breakfasts and family camping weekends, and the participation of parentShow MoreRelatedEssay about Home Schooling vs Public Schooling : Which One Is Better ?1102 Words   |  5 PagesHome Schooling vs. Public Schools: Which One is Better? Thesis Statement: Many parents question what is best for their child’s education, home schooling or public school. Home schooling can sometimes provide a more direct and focused education than public schools, Public School is better in many ways including the child’s social development. I. Home Schooling vs. Public Schooling II. The Pros and Cons of Home Schooling A. Home schooling can benefit both students and parents by providingRead MorePros and Cons of Private Schools838 Words   |  3 Pageswider range of opportunities, and a more rewarding career. The key decision remains between the choices of private or public institute to pursue one’s higher studies. There are several reasons for choosing to enroll in private institutes owing to the following advantages. One of the most commonly stated factors is smaller class sizes that ensure a greater degree of individual attention than in public institutes. The individual attention given, will help most of the students to concentrate and gain moreRead MoreTraditional Vs. Online Learning1510 Words   |  7 PagesAmong schools with 12th-grade students during the 2010–11 school year, the average percentage of 12th-grade students who graduated with a high school diploma was 89 percent for traditional public schools, 91 percent for public charter schools, and 92 percent for private schools (Institute of Educational Sciences). Traditional on campus classes are those in which a student earns a diploma or a degree in a classroom environment taught by a professor. 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They’re still spending a lot because that money adds up fast with all the students and different gradesRead MoreWhat Parents Look at When Choosing a Public/Private School Essay2641 Words   |  11 PagesWhat Parents Look at When Choosing a Public/Private School Education is an institution that parents want to control as a way to insure/provide their children with the best education possible. Parent control/choice has slowly regressed from the colonial era where they could choose not only the school their child attended but also the textbooks used and the curriculum taught (McDonald 2001). Parents still obtain the right to choose the school that best tailors their child’s special uniquenessRead MoreThe Classical Model Of Economics1431 Words   |  6 Pagesthe depression was for the government to spend more while the economy was still recessed, and to spend less when that was over. This resulted in the government taking a bigger role in managing the economy, as it has in today’s time. 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The three different views about education are those people who believe that home schooling is the best form of education; those people who believe that public school is the best formRead MoreThe Issue Of Public Single Sex Education Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe interest in public single-sex education has increased in the recent years as schools are piled with more pressure to increase their grades and keep teaching method fresh. It’s an old approach to the education but its gaining momentum in public schools as it has been the method in most private schools. According to the report by National Association for Single Sex Education, over two hundred public schools across the United States o ffer single-sex classrooms. Most public schools are venturing into

Macro Economics Impact of Product

Question: Discuss about the Macro Economics Impact of Product. Answer: Introduction: The subject, which looks at the economy through a broader lens, is known as Macroeconomics. This gives us a general view of the happenings of the economy. There are several aspect through which the economy can be defined. Few of them are gross domestic product (GDP), public debt, inflation rate, unemployment rate, the imports and exports of the country and government expenditure[1]. Through this report, the performance of the chosen country is going to be discussed based on the above-mentioned macroeconomic variable. India has been chosen as the country whose performance is going to be measured. The reason behind choosing India for this project is that India ranks second in terms of its population and are among the oldest place where traces of civilization have been found. Along with it the country has been the home of people from different religious and cultural group[2]. The report has been divided into three sections whereby through section 1 the present scenario of the country has been developed through the help of macroeconomic variable. The second part specifies two major problems of the economy and the factors that led to this problem. The third and final section speaks about the ways in which the government of the chosen nation can minimize the problems stated in section 2. Background of the country: India is one of the largest countries in the South Asian region. Prior to judging the country on macroeconomic factors there is a need to know about the rich history, geographical location and demographical background of this nation. This country has been the homeland of the oldest yet scientifically constructed Indus Valley civilization. The two tribal groups namely, the Dravidians and Aryans shaped the culture of the country. With water bodies on three sides and land on the fourth side, the country has been geographically benefitted. According to statistics, the country ranks second after China in terms of population. Macroeconomic performance: According to the statement of IMF and CSO, India is amongst those economy which shows fastest growth rate. Their prediction suggests that the country is going to grow at a rate of around 7% for the next few years. The country ranks 6th in term of its GDP when measured at nominal price and 3rd when measured by the PPP indicator. Agriculture contributes around 16.5% of the countrys GDP, whereas the service sector contributes around 45.4% of the nations GDP[3]. The industrial sector of this huge nation contributes only around 29.8% of the total GDP. Though agricultures contribution is the least in GDP but in terms of service this sector provides occupation to around 49% that is almost half of the work force. This clearly indicates that India is an agro based economy. The present unemployment rate as of 2016 is 8.4% whereas the inflation rate as measured by the CPI is around 5.6%[4]. Data retrieved from IMF shows that the nation earned around US$ 480 billion as revenue in the year 2016. On the same year the country has incurred an expense of US$ 570 billion. These imply that the country is facing budget deficit of around 3.9% of its total GDP[5]. The country has been associated with few large trade organizations like SAFTA, G8+5, WTO, BRICS, SAARC, IMF and East Asia Summit. These factors when accessed together suggest that the nation is still in its stage of development with high performance and has the scope of being amongst the largest economies in terms of both power and population. Therefore, the next section of this report concentrates on the macroeconomic factors that have been creating a hindrance in the growth of the economy. India, being a developing nation faces drawbacks in generating employment for its large mass of people and also faces the problem in curbing the inflation. Hence, it can be said that the macroeconomic factors namely unemployment and inflation are the drawbacks of Indian economy. The situation where people are not getting jobs even after being qualified to get one and are in the constant procedure of job search, then they are called unemployed. However, no matter how big the economy is there is going to be existence of minimal rate of unemployment within the economy. On other hand, the trend in continuous rise in the price level within an economy has been termed as inflation. Like unemployment, all nations in the world is going to have some rate of inflation. Both these two factors are in inverse relation to one another. The increase in one of them leads to the decrease in the second factor. The reasons behind the existence of these two factors are discussed in the next two paragraphs . Unemployment: The current unemployment rate in India is 8.4%[6]. The reasons behind this scenario are: Economic Growth: Until recently, India has faced slow pace in its growth rate. This has been one of the main reasons for unemployment of the nation. Lack of Scope: India being such a vast nation has very few industries. Also, there is mismatch between the system of education parted to the Indians and the requirements of any industry. This creates a gap between the learnt things and the required things and results in unemployment. Investment: The people of India save less and as a result there is shortage in the money required for investment. This low investment level causes reduction in the possibility of creating employment scope[7]. Other factors: The other factors, which cause unemployment in India, are lack of opportunity, use of machines within the industry, mismatch between the jobs demanded and the jobs available, lack of information and spread of the same, political unrest, increase in population and existing flaws in the planning system within the economy. Inflation: According to the 2016 statistics, India faces around 5.6% inflation, which is quite above the natural rate of inflation expected for the economy. The reasons behind this scenario are as follows: Money Supply: Excess supply of money with the people is the primary cause of inflation. Statistical data reveals that on an average money supply in India varied between 15 to 18%. On other hand, the output varied between 4 to 5% only[8]. Henceforth, people had excess money in their hand that caused inflation. Rise in Price: There has been a continuous increase in the price or import commodities, which led to the increase in the price level of the economy. Increased Tax rate: The tax burdens are usually borne by general consumers and not the producers. Due to increase in tax rate there has been inflation. Uneven distribution: Though India shows a high level of GDP but there is existence of great amount of disparity in the income earned by the people of the country. Data suggests that 31.1% of the total income lies in the hand of the top 10% of the population whereas the lowest 10% of the population receives on 3.6%[9] Hence people having more money demand more goods which results in the upward escalation of prices. Since independence and establishment of the planning commission in India, the nation has been focused in reducing inflation and curbing the problem of unemployment. The ways in which the government of India can curb these two plagues of the economy are: Eradication of Unemployment: In order to reduce unemployment the only thing that government can do is to increase the scope of employment opportunity. The ways in which the employment can be generated are as follows: Restructuring of the current education system in a way such that people get to know the ways industry works. In other words, government can make vocational training compulsory. The government can attract foreign capital and industry within the territory of India, which in turn is going to increase the scope of employment[10]. Building up proper infrastructural set up is mandatory within the economy like proper power plants, roads and other structures, which induces the entrepreneurs to set up factories in different localities. Eradication of Inflation: Through the help of Central Bank, the government can reduce the money supply within the economy. A fall in the liquid money in the hands of the people implies that they are unable to demand goods at high price[11]. Again, the government can directly influence the inflationary pressure by their fiscal policy. Just by raising the tax imposed on income, the government can withdraw a lot of money thereby reducing the high demand of the people, which is the root cause of inflation[12]. Conclusion: The report clearly points out two facts that Indian economy has been in its stage of development and growing at a fast pace. Different statistical data suggests that India is having a healthy time and walking in the path of development. On other hand, through this report it has also been observed that the macroeconomic variables of the nation are showing good trend and predicts a healthy economic condition in near future. Still, there exists high rate of unemployment and inflation within the economy. The ways in which these two plagues can be curbed has been mentioned. Since, these two components are inversely related therefore the government must choose a balance between reducing the two components. References: Anand, R. and Khera, P., 2016.Macroeconomic impact of product and labor market reforms on informality and unemployment in India(No. 16/47). International Monetary Fund. Baker, S.R., Bloom, N. and Davis, S.J., 2016. Measuring economic policy uncertainty.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,131(4), pp.1593-1636. Cia.gov. (2017). The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency. [online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017]. Data.worldbank.org. (2017). India | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/india [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017]. Gov.In. (2017). [online] Available at: https://data.gov.in/ [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017] Jain, M., 2016. Inflation in India.Indian Journal of Applied Research,5(7). Mohanty, D. and John, J., 2015. Determinants of inflation in India.Journal of Asian Economics,36, pp.86-96. Mokhova, N. and Zinecker, M., 2014. Macroeconomic factors and corporate capital structure.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp.530-540. Singer, H.W., 2015. Unemployment and the Unemployed. Mokhova, N. and Zinecker, M., 2014. Macroeconomic factors and corporate capital structure.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,110, pp.530-540. Data.worldbank.org. (2017). India | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/india [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017] Gov.In. (2017). [online] Available at: https://data.gov.in/ [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017] Cia.gov. (2017). The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency. [online] Available at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017] Data.worldbank.org. (2017). India | Data. [online] Available at: https://data.worldbank.org/country/india [Accessed 24 Jan. 2017] Singer, H.W., 2015. Unemployment and the Unemployed Anand, R. and Khera, P., 2016.Macroeconomic impact of product and labor market reforms on informality and unemployment in India(No. 16/47). International Monetary Fund Jain, M., 2016. Inflation in India.Indian Journal of Applied Research,5(7) Baker, S.R., Bloom, N. and Davis, S.J., 2016. Measuring economic policy uncertainty.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,131(4), pp.1593-1636.

Research Proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees Essay Example

Research Proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees Essay Flexible working hours for employees or â€Å"flextime† is the special organization of the employee’s working day where he chooses the convenient hours for his work and does not have to spend the whole day at work. Nowadays flex-time is the most adequate policy of the developed companies, because if the employee does not have the freedom of choice and he is deprived of the initiative decisions, he will not receive the job satisfaction and will probably quit from his workplace. It is obvious that the company’s success depends on the employee’s industriousness and it is natural that every employee is productive in different hours of the day, so the employee has the right to choose the convenient working hours which would bring as much profit to the company as possible. Another reason which should persuade employers practice the policy of flex-time is the fact that employees can have other duties and activities behind work, for example, education, health problems, family problems, etc. There are moments in everybody’s life, which require missing a day or two of the job. Of course, not every profession is able to provide the employee with flexible time, because various institutions, like the police, fire brigades, the system of health care, official state occupation, clerks, etc have to spend the whole day at work without the right of choosing the convenient terms of work. Other occupations, related with the informal activity often provide their employees with flexible schedule of work: shop-assistants, servants, cooks, designers, teachers, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The issue on flexible working hours for employees is quite important and controversial, because on the one hand such a schedule enables people to work in the convenient hours, but on the other hand, there is a risk of the lack of the organization and reduction of the quality of work. With the help of the research proposal the student is able to suggest his own point of view about flexible working hours convincing the professor in the seriousness and urgency of the chosen topic. It is wise to select and apply the best methods of the research and demonstrate to the professor the student’s maturity and soberness and the ability to collect reliable information in the up-to-date sources. The student is able to succeed in the process of writing and complete a worthy text if he uses a free example research proposal on flexible working hours for employees analyzed and designed by the experienced writer. The young professional has the chance to catch the reasonable manner of writing and the skills of the logical organization of the text with the help of a free sample research proposal on flexible working hours for employees found online. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on Flexible Working Hours for Employees topics. Your proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated PhD and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details: Enjoy our professional research proposal writing service!

Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations

â€Å"Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Organizations† Outline Introduction Overview Purpose Statement First Main Point- Women in today’s competitive society Societies view of Women Defining Sexual Harassment Second Main Point- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Publicized cases of Sexual Harassment Steps in dealing with Sexual Harassment Third Main Point- Recovering from Sexual Harassment in Organizations Sexual Harassment Policies Keys to a successful women in today’s society Conclusion References Abstract Sexual Harassment has become an issue our society and organizations cannot ignore. Women need to understand how to improve their position in a male dominated society and what to do if they are the victims of sexual harassment. Many organizations are trying to find ways to better educate their employees and to incorporate a zero tolerance policy when it comes to sexual harassment. If organizations are to keep harmony within the ranks of their employees they must act now on sexual harassment education and training. History has shown us that sexual harassment has been around for ages and in today’s modern society it continues to be an issue that makes headlines on a daily basis. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled on several cases involving sexual harassment that has long reaching implications for all organizations and the society as a whole. The purpose for this research paper is to show how women are viewed in today’s society, defining sexual harassme nt and the steps in dealing with sexual harassment if you are a victim. I will also identify some recently highly publicized cases and how organizations can protect themselves and their employees by incorporating sexual harassment policies and how to recover from sexual harassment within an organization. Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Or... Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations Free Essays on Sexual Harassment And How It Affects Women And Organizations â€Å"Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Organizations† Outline Introduction Overview Purpose Statement First Main Point- Women in today’s competitive society Societies view of Women Defining Sexual Harassment Second Main Point- Sexual Harassment in the Work Place Publicized cases of Sexual Harassment Steps in dealing with Sexual Harassment Third Main Point- Recovering from Sexual Harassment in Organizations Sexual Harassment Policies Keys to a successful women in today’s society Conclusion References Abstract Sexual Harassment has become an issue our society and organizations cannot ignore. Women need to understand how to improve their position in a male dominated society and what to do if they are the victims of sexual harassment. Many organizations are trying to find ways to better educate their employees and to incorporate a zero tolerance policy when it comes to sexual harassment. If organizations are to keep harmony within the ranks of their employees they must act now on sexual harassment education and training. History has shown us that sexual harassment has been around for ages and in today’s modern society it continues to be an issue that makes headlines on a daily basis. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled on several cases involving sexual harassment that has long reaching implications for all organizations and the society as a whole. The purpose for this research paper is to show how women are viewed in today’s society, defining sexual harassme nt and the steps in dealing with sexual harassment if you are a victim. I will also identify some recently highly publicized cases and how organizations can protect themselves and their employees by incorporating sexual harassment policies and how to recover from sexual harassment within an organization. Sexual Harassment and how it affects Women and Or...

FINDING TIME WITH TOO MUCH TO DO

FINDING TIME WITH TOO MUCH TO DO I find it amazing that the more I have on my plate, the more productive I become. People ask how I accomplish what I do, and I never have a good answer. This week, however, I seemed to have caught up to myself. No signings or conferences for the entire month of July. No immediate deadlines since the manuscript for book two of The Carolina Slade Mystery Series is in the hands of the publisher. And I caught myself piddling more than ever. Some psychologist types might say it was my schedule catching up to me, that I needed the down time to go into idle-mode for a spell. Maybe. The problem is, idle to me means getting outside to garden, weed, or create some new wing on a chicken coop, and its too friggin hot to do all that. So Im seated at my computer, finally, with time to breathe, and I slow down. Back in my day-job years (geez that sounds old), I ran wide-out with kids, writing, jogging, and serving as administrative director for a small federal agency, answering to a politician. I fell into bed and rose tired, but once I had my coffee, I counted the juggling balls and prioritized which ones to handle first. I firmly believe we perform relative to the degree in which we are challenged. And the first people to argue this are those who are seeking reasons for not being productive. Go ahead. Throw tomatoes. But just think about it before you do. Athletes who perform the same routine, without challenging their limits, do not excel. Intellects who quit challenging the status-quo, do not find break-throughs. Doctors who treat the norm instead of seeking answers to anomalies, turn their backs on patients. Its the challenged who make a difference. And when we stop to ponder that, we can reply in one of two ways: 1. We can complain about our limitations, or 2. We can keep fighting to make a difference. Really, it IS that simple.

Economic growth in indonesia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic growth in indonesia - Essay Example Economic growth has long been the basic measure of policy effectiveness and success across countries. Recent global financial crises reduced considerably the pace and scope of economic developments in a number of regions. However, as the global crisis is moving to its end, the developing world faces better chances to improve their economic position. Indonesia is no exception: a vast and resource-intensive economy, Indonesia has everything needed to strengthen its position in the global economy. It should be noted, that the countries of the Asian and Pacific region are in a better economic position, compared with other countries of the world (The World Bank, 2011). Simultaneously, the risks of inflation remain increasingly high. Therefore, Indonesia must develop economic policies and implement instruments to slow down the acceleration of inflationary mechanisms, in ways that do not damage the country’s economic growth prospects. Indonesia is ranked the world’s fourth most populated country (U.S. Department of State, 2011). Located in the equatorial region of Asia, Indonesia occupies about 2 million sq.km, with approximately 240.3 million of people inhabiting it (U.S. Department of State, 2011). The prevailing majority of the country’s residents are Indonesian (U.S. Department of State, 2011). For many years, Indonesia was one of the biggest Dutch colonies; 300 years of the Dutch rule turned Indonesia into one of the richest and most profitable resource supplements (U.S. Department of State, 2011). It was not until 1945 that Indonesia was granted independence from Netherlands (U.S. Department of State, 2011). After the first democratic elections in 1999, Indonesia became one of the most populous democracies in the world (CIA, 2011). Despite recent developments, Indonesia is faced with a number of challenges, including poverty, poor quality education, terrorism and the risks of authoritarianism (CIA, 2011). The situation is further complicated by the

Conducting a Literature Review; Data Collection Case Study

Conducting a Literature Review; Data Collection - Case Study Example There were almost an equal number of male and female participants who were aged 19 years old and above. The participants were mostly Non-Hispanic Caucasians and only a small number were ethnic minorities such as African-Americans, and Hispanic, among others. They were of varying educational levels. The research employed convenience sampling, gathering related sample by utilizing the patients of Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region. They were all provided a health survey questionnaire which gathered information about their demographic profiles and other behavioral and clinical data. The demographic data served as the study’s independent variables while self-reported frequency of SBMG served as the dependent variable. The independent variables were mostly nominal and ordinal in nature while the dependent variable used the scale level of measurement. These information were then analyzed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and means + SD, and the associated P values. In addition, chi-square statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, and multivariate logistical regression analysis were likewise used. The results of the study indicate that although most patients reported some level of SMBG monitoring, 60% of those with type 1 diabetes and 67% of those with type 2 diabetes reported practicing SMBG less frequently than recommended by the American Diabetes Association (three to four times daily for type 1 diabetes, and once daily for type 2 diabetes treated pharmacologically). Significant independent predictors of nonadherent practice of SMBG included longer time since diagnosis, less intensive therapy, male sex, age, belonging to an ethnic minority, having a lower education and neighborhood income, difficulty communicating in English, higher out-of-pocket costs for glucometer strips (especially for subjects with lower incomes), smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. This led the researchers to conclude that

Timothy Egans ’The Good Rain Essay Example for Free

Timothy Egans ’The Good Rain Essay In this essay â€Å"The Good Rain: Across Time and Terrain in the Pacific Northwest† Timothy Egan begins his essay by introducing himself that he was born in Seattle and graduated from the University of Washington and he is the Pulitzer Prize. He views Seattle as a new and interesting city which has changed a lot in the last century. Declining hills, losing salmon stream, building new skyscrapers by month, and the forested edge of the city is deforested for new neighborhoods as well. No wonder he describes Seattle as â€Å"a city that can’t decide what to wear†(127). He also interprets Seattle by kayak, where people usually travelling by kayak in the old time then getting into Elliott Bay, a bay with six hundred feet of depth, on a hectic weekday morning that is overwhelmed with ship traffic and dwelled mostly by one species, a half-blind octopus that weight about three hundred pounds. In another view, Timothy Egan wants to invite readers to imagine from George Vancouver’s perspective who discovered and marked Puget Sound onto the map. He started his travel heading up the Pacific Coast and then to the south to an inland sea and an enormous volcano which is named Rainier. Before Puget Sound was discovered, Vancouver always thought that wild land was evil land, bad before it was civilized but Vancouver belief had changed by the time he found the garden of Puget Sound. Then, he wrote perhaps his most famous passage: â€Å"To describe the beauties of this region, will, on some future occasion, be a very grateful task to the pen of a skillful panegyrist. The serenity of the climate, the innumerable pleasing landscapes, and the abundant fertility that unassisted nature puts forth, require only to be enriched by the industry of man with villages, mansions, cottages and other buildings, to render it the most lovely country to be imagined.†(129). Egan also tells the reader about Sealth who was tall, tough and owned eight slaves and freed them at last. Similar to what Abraham had done for blacks in the South. Sealth had done so much to develop the city and it was named after Sealth as a reward and eventually the name had changed to the city of Seattle as we known today. Timothy Egan does a really great job when he is trying to make readers imagine the city of Seattle is based on the landscape of Seattle and the perspective of George Vancouver. He starts with a condition of the early generation that they mostly travel by kayak and the consistent changes of Seattle’s landscapes and then he ends up writing about a humorist Fran Lebowitz who said â€Å"why are they tearing it down† which shows his disappointment to people who harm the landscape by building new skyscrapers and deforesting the forest of the city. Otherwise, Seattle would be a really â€Å"cute† city. He also wants readers to have George Vancouver’s feeling about the city and he has done a pretty good job by providing strong supporting sentences in which written â€Å"to Vancouver and other British explorers, wild land was evil land, bad until proven civilized. That attitude changed when he came upon the garden of Puget Sound.† It makes the passage sounds more convincing the terrain is really fertile and wonderful. As it is not only Vancouver that agrees the terrain is fantastic but also the British explorers. In the conclusion, Egan likes the place very much and he is willing to share the beauty of Seattle to the readers and it works really well.

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy Philosophy can be broken up into different components. The first being the purpose of education, second, the nature of knowledge the students has, third the nature of the student, fourth the method that is used when teaching, and last, but not least the curriculum that is taught in schools. I feel that the purpose of education is to create a better person as well as a better environment. Today, people need education more than ever, whether its preschool, middle school, high school, or even college. If a person has an education, they will have better job stability, which means that wouldn’t lose their job. Technology gets better day by day. Jobs that required manual work fifteen years ago are now using computers or machines to get the work done. For example: factory’s these days use computers and machines to do mostly all the work, unlike years ago when everything had to be done by hand. I do not know, nor do I want to know how it would feel to have a nonliving â€Å"thing† to take my job. This could cause a person to have some serious mental downfalls which brings me to Rousseau. I agree with him when he says people should be able to make their own decision and have the right to choose to be good, physically fit, and happy. These three important thi ngs can better a persons life. The nature of knowledge is what I want to talk about next. Knowledge to me is comprehension that sticks with a person eternally. I believe knowledge can be on inherited from other family members. Fortunate for some, not too fortunate for others. Most children are born with the ability to learn, but, how fast a pace they learn makes a difference. A perfect example is if a student goes to Harvard, more than likely has previou... ... will give me the opportunity to make these ideas I have into reality. I know that after few years of teaching, I will make a lot of changes and adjustments. Seeing the varieties of teaching styles of my co-workers as well as experimenting. eventually would like to be able to join groups with other teachers and professionals that will allow me to learn more about teaching. Well, there you have it, my philosophy of education. I am aware that there are many ways of teaching and I am going to experience the different kinds. I am going to be very open-minded about other teachers philosophies and not criticize them. The variety of people is what makes the work â€Å"go round† and that is why all the teachers have different ways of teaching. However, I feel that the importance of these five components need to be stressed throughout the classrooms in all types of schools.

Essay Childhood Obesity Essay

Childhood Obesity is a health issue, cause by having excess body weight as well as excess of body fat. This is a serious problem for the future of society especially now that our children are not getting enough physical activities because of technology and unhealthy eating patterns. Children who are obese are likely to be obese as adults. Therefore, this habits can take our children to have serious health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, high cholesterol, and many others health problems. The environment in which we live is been also part of this problem. Children are surrounded by unhealthy commercials and bad influence from their parents. Beverages like sodas which contains approximately 400 calories, and unhealthy choices of meals have contributed to this epidemic cause. Leading our children by giving them examples of how to prevent this kind of problems could be a solution for a better lifestyle and future. It is important that parents support their children by helping them do a diet and physical activities. If your child look at you as a good example of how to stay healthy, they are more likely to be and stay active for their own. Instead of leaving them playing video games, take them to the park and have fun. Being able to spend more time with your kids and being part of their life, can take them to be better not only mentally, but physically. Childhood obesity is been an enormous problem for our society. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to help the future generations by giving them a good example of living and love for those who needs the most. Web, www.obesityaction.org, www.healthychildren.org

How much aggressive behaviour is shown on television? Essay

The average American child sees 32,000 murders, 40,000 attempted murders, and 25,000 acts of violence on television before the age of 18 (Ahmed, 1998). Gerbner’s studies of violence on American television (Gerbner, 1972; Gerbner & Gross, 1976; Gerbner et al. , 1980, 1986) Defining violence as: ‘†¦ the overt expression of physical force against others or self, or the compelling of an action against one’s will on pain of being hurt or killed’, Gerbner’s team have found that since 1967 the percentage of television shows containing violent episodes has remained about the same, but the number of violent episodes per show has gradually increased. In 1986, there was an average of around five violent acts per hour on prime-time television. On children’s weekend shows, mostly consisting of cartoons, about 20 violent acts per hour occurred. British research by Halloran & Croll (1972) and the BBC’s Audience Research Department were both based around Gerbner’s analysis. Both studies found that violence was a common feature of programming, although it was not as prevalent on British as on American television. Cumberbatch (1987), commissioned by the BBC, analysed all programmes broadcast on the (then) four terrestrial channels in four separate weeks between May and September 1986. The main findings from Cumberbatch’s (1987) study: Cumberbatch found that 30% of programmes contained some violence, the overall frequency being 1. 14 violent acts per programme and 1. 68 violent acts per hour. Each act lasted around 25 seconds, so violence occupied just over 1% of total television time. These figures were lower if boxing and wrestling were excluded, but higher (at 1. 96 violent acts per hour) if verbal threats were included. Death resulted from violent acts in 26% of cases, but in 61% of acts no injuries were shown, and the victim was portrayed as being in pain or stunned. In 83% of cases, no blood was shown as a result of a violent act, and considerable blood and gore occurred in only 0. 2% of cases. Perpetrators of violent acts were much more likely to be portrayed as ‘baddies’ than ‘goodies’, and violence occurred twice as frequently in law-breaking than in law-upholding contexts. Cumberbatch argued that whilst violence, and concerns about it, had increased in society in the decade up to 1987, this was not reflected by a proportional increase on television, even in news broadcasts. He concluded that: ‘While broadcasters may take some comfort from our data on trends in television violence, they must expect to be continually reminded of their responsibilities in this area and be obliged to acknowledge that a significant minority of people will remain concerned about what’s on the box’. More recently, the BBC and ITV commissioned Gunter & Harrison (1998) to look at the frequency of violence on terrestrial and satellite channels. Some findings from Gunter & Harrison’s (1998) analysis of violence on British television: The researchers monitored 2084 programmes on eight channels over four weeks in October 1994 and January/February 1995. The findings include: On BBC 1 and 2, ITV and Channel 4, 28% of programmes contained violent acts, compared with 52% on Sky One, UK Gold, SKY Movies and the Movie Channel.   Violence occupied 0. 61% of time on the terrestrial channels and 1. 53% on the satellite stations.   The greatest proportions of violent acts (70%) occurred in dramas and films; 19% occurred in children’s programmes. Most violent acts occurred in contemporary settings in inner-city locations. The majority of perpetrators were young, white males. One per cent of programmes contained 19% of all violent acts. Double Impact, shown on the Movie Channel, for example, contained 105 violent acts, as against on average 9. 7. The United States was the most common location for violence (47%), followed by the United Kingdom (12%). The third most likely location was a cartoon setting (7%), and then science fiction locations (4%). On the basis of the finding that violent acts account for 1% of programme content on terrestrial channels and less than 2% on some satellite stations, and the fact that 1% of programmes contained 19% of all violent acts, Gunter and Harrison concluded that: ‘The picture that emerges is not one of a television system permeated by violence, but rather one in which violence represents only a tiny part of the output and where it tends to be concentrated principally in a relatively small number of programmes’ (cited in Frean, 1995). An almost identical conclusion was reached by the American Academy of Paediatrics (Murray & Whitworth, 1999). As well as television, violent behaviour can also be seen at the cinema or on video (and what is shown may or may not be subsequently screened on television). Evidence indicates that a large percentage of 9-11 year olds have watched 18-rated videos, including particularly violent Nightmare on Elm Street, The silence of the lambs, and Pulp Fiction (Ball & Nuki, 1996; Wark & Ball, 1996). The effects of television on Children’s behaviour: Research into the effects of television on Children’s behaviour began in America in the 1960’s, following the publication of the results of Bandura et al’s ‘Bobo doll experiments’. These ‘first generation’ (or ‘Phase one’: Baron, 1977) studies involved filmed or symbolic) models. Essentially, Bandura et al. showed that children can acquire new aggressive responses not previously in their behavioural repertoire merely through exposure to a filmed or televised model. If children could learn new ways of harming others through such experiences, then the implication was that media portrayals of violence might be contributing to increased levels of violence in society (Baron, 1977). However, Bandura (1965) warned against such an interpretation in the light of his new findings that the learning of aggressive responses does not necessarily mean that they will be displayed in a child’s behaviour. Nevertheless, the possibility that such effects could occur was sufficient to focus considerable public attention on Bandura et al. ‘s research.

Progressivism essays

Progressivism essays Why might some historians argue that Progressivism was the ' Dawn of Liberalism?' Please elaborate your points in detail. First, let me explain the meaning of Liberalism. Liberalism means that government should be more active. Also, the social problems are susceptible to government legislation and action and government should throw money at the problems. Simiarly, Progressives advocated that must act if there were social problems happened in the country. They believed the government had the responsbility to protect the weakest members of the society. Obivously, the goal of the Liberalism and Progressivism are intimate. Progressives were paternalistic, moderate and soft-minded. They emphasized the importance of social consciousness. Furthermore, they spoke of common and public interest; they stressed collective action; they bulit bureaucratic leadership; and they tried to end the divisive and ruinous competition of small, individual differences in society. The followings were the action they taken to the society. Firstly, poverty had always existed in American society, but a number of Progressives reformers began to call for new legislation to help the poor in the late 1870s and early 1880. Progressives supported legislation for minimum wages, maximum hours, old-age pensions, and the elimination of child labour. Reformers also called for tighter regulation of consumer goods through pure food and drug laws, tighter regulation of the workplace to ensure worker safety, tighter regulations of 'trusts' to avoid monopolistic business practices, and tighter regulation of resources to conserve the nation's natural wealth. In addition, reformers attacked social disorder by promoting housing codes to prevent the spread of slums, public health programs to prevent the spread of infectious disease, anti-prostitution laws to prevent the spread of vice, and birth control campaigns to prevent the spread unwanted pregnan ...

ART OF DOMINATION essays

ART OF DOMINATION essays Human beings are creatures which are equipped with the feeling of god. And because of this feeling, during the long history of humanity people thought of the god or gods and tried to find a logical answer whether god or gods exist and if there is a god what the god look like. Besides this, most of the civilizations have the faith of multiple gods. The Hittites are one of the examples of these civilizations. But they had had problems with imagining the gods, because its difficult to imagine something that you dont see. So Hittites thought of gods, as they have human like sights and also they imagined gods as they have relationships with human beings especially with the kings. In most of the ancient civilizations people believe that there are lots of gods and each god has a constant duty. And they believe that the gods have attendants which serve the gods, so on earth. We can see the figures that reveal this belief on the carvings which are displayed in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. There are some mythical creatures called ugallu, kusarikku and griffon daemons. Ugallu is a composition of human and lion, and kusarikku is created by combining the bull and human. And the griffons are created by the combination of eagle and lion which are imagined to be very strong, and they are also believed that they are carrying the sky. Also ancient people believed that there are human attendants of gods on earth and that gods can rule the vassals by this way. In those ages people trust kings because the kings are believed to be the servants of gods. We can examine this in other ancient civilizations like Egypt and also in some Turkish empires which was found in Middle Asia. Although this was the general belief of the citizens, the kings and the queens in those civilizations are inclined to use this to strengthen their position in the society. Because this religion power with the military power doubles the power of the king upon ...

Justification Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Justification Report - Essay Example The TANF is a block grand designed to assist the needy families and child care in their own families, promoting job preparation and reducing the dependency of needy parents and promoting pregnancies and reducing pregnancies out of wedlock thereby encouraging the two parent families (Kean, 2000).Lately there have been complaints about the grant by those who benefit and other stakeholders, this complaint is based on the time period that the grant takes in helping the needy individuals. This was majorly raised and observed by those who received the grants in terms of money for their livelihood.This research is based on the level of satisfaction of the grant and the extent to which the beneficiaries are satisfied with its programs. It also gives the stakeholders an opportunity to give their opinions on what should be done to improve the operation and the satisfaction of the grant. The challenges that the grant is facing as a whole were also investigated. The method of data analysis was t hrough observation and use of questionnaires. The questionnaires were appropriate by providing the general view through the closed ended questions (Corcoran, 2011) and gave the opportunity for further expression by the open ended questions. The results were analysed by the bar graphs for ease of interpretation.Since the grant comes in different forms, those who found the privilege to be trained found it easy to improve their lifestyles by obtaining jobs and sustaining their institutions with their career even after the granting period.

Barack Obama and Mitt Romney Approach towards Problem Solving Essay

Barack Obama and Mitt Romney Approach towards Problem Solving - Essay Example Barrack Obama, the current president of US who was elected on 4th November, 2008 has democratic political approach. As the U.S economy is the biggest issue, he has put forward the plans of tax measures to overcome this major issue of the state. Barrack Obama believes in investing in the educational sectors and infrastructure to heal the problem of U.S economy. His approach towards this problem is to improve the humanity of his country at every level to overcome the economic issue. At the time of taking the office, Barrack Obama faced recession of economy in the shape of 700,000 jobs being lost every month. He applied his America’s Recovery and Reinvestment Act, in which the first step was to finish the taxes on the undersized business. Following this, he purposed an act of cutting the taxes on the 95% of the local families and other activities as well. In the course of May 2012, under the presidency of Barrack Obama, the U.S. economy increased in the shape of 4.3million privat e sector jobs with a consecutive rate on the monthly basis (Romney). On the other hand, Mitt Romney thinks that the Government should cut down the taxes and let the private sector stay free to overcome the economical problem. Romney is experienced in private sector and has traditional ideas towards the economical problems of U.S. Mitt Romney plans to rebuild the economy of U.S. by enterprises and the hard work at the employment level.

Criminal Justice Agency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Agency - Essay Example It shall also discuss the role of the lawyer in assisting victims of crime or individuals who have been charged or convicted with crime. Keywords: Federal Public Defender, lawyer, attorney, criminal justice agency, lawyering Federal Public Defender Organization I. Introduction â€Å"The Federal Public Defender is appointed by the Ninth Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals to serve a term of four years. All employees of the Federal Public Defender are employed by the judicial branch of the U.S. Government. The Office of the Federal Public Defender for the Central District of California is the largest federal public defender agency in the United States. The Central District of California covers seven counties which include Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo and Ventura, with a population of over 19 million people. They have offices located in Los Angeles, Santa Ana and Riverside. The main office is located in the Little Tokyo sectio n of downtown Los Angeles with branch offices in Riverside and Santa Ana California. The office has over 240 employees, including 92 attorneys, 26 paralegals, 38 investigators and more than 85 supporting staff members. The Office supports two units namely, the Trial Unit and the Capital Habeas Unit. The attorneys in our Trial Unit are appointed by the court to represent those persons charged with federal offenses who cannot afford to retain their own attorney† (Federal Public). Significance of the Agency I chose the office of the Federal Public Defender because I believe in their cause. They help out poor and indigent individuals who cannot afford the services of a lawyer. They represent people who are wrongly charged for offenses that they did not commit, or victims of crime. I have a high regard for lawyers who fight for the causes of the clients even if they do not earn much profit from practicing the profession. I want to contribute in improving the criminal justice system of our country by helping these individuals who are deprived of good legal services. There should be no distinction or discrimination between paying clients and non-paying clients. This is in consonance to the equal protection clause by upholding every person’s right to a counsel. I have a high regard for the objective of this organization in â€Å"ensuring equal justice for all†. Qualifications â€Å"A Federal Public Defender Organization shall consist of one or more full-time salaried attorneys. The Organization shall be supervised by a Federal Public Defender appointed by the Court of Appeals of the Circuit, after receiving recommendations from the district court or courts to be served. The Federal Public Defender shall be appointed for a term of four (4) years, unless removed by the court of appeals for incompetency, misconduct in his office until his successor is appointed, or until one year after expiration of such defender’s term, whichever is earlierâ €  (United States Code, 2006). â€Å"The compensation of the Federal Public Defender shall be fixed by the court of appeals of the circuit at a rate not to exceed the compensation received by the United States attorney for the district where representation is furnished, or if two

The Telangana Rebellion Essay Example for Free

The Telangana Rebellion Essay The Telangana Rebellion was a  peasant revolt  which was later supported by the  Communists. It took place in the former  princely state  of Hyderabad between 1946 and 1951. This was led by the  Communist Party of India. [5] The revolt began in the  Nalgonda district  and quickly spread to the  Warangal  and  Bidar  districts. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against the local  feudal  landlords (jagirdars  and  deshmukhs) and later against the  Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII. The initial aims were to do away with illegal and excessive exploitation meted out by these feudal lords in the name of  bonded labour  (Vetti Chakiri). The most strident demand was for all debts of the peasants to be written off. [6][7] Among the well-known individuals at the forefront of the movement were leaders like  Anabheri Prabhakar Rao, Bathini Mogilaiah Goud,  Doddi Komraiah,  Bandi Yadagiri,  Suddala Hanumanthu,  Acharya Konda Lakshman Bapuji,  Chakalli Iylamma,Komaram Bheem,  Puchalapalli Sundaraiah,  Makineni Basavapunaiah,  Chandra Rajeswara Rao,  Raavi Narayana Reddy, Bommagani Dharma Biksham,Arjula Ramana Reddy, the  Urdu  poet  Makhdoom Mohiuddin,  Hassan Nasir,  Bhimreddy Narasimha Reddy,  Mallu Venkata Narasimha Reddy,  Mallu Swarajyam,  Arutla Ramchandra Reddy  and his wife  Arutla Kamala Bai. The violent phase of the movement ended after the central government sent in the army. Starting in 1951, the CPI shifted to a more moderate strategy of seeking to bring communism to India within the constraints of Indian democracy. [10] In 1937,  Time magazine  said  Hyderabad state  was the richest native state in India. Budget allocations to Telangana are generally less than 1/3 of the total Andhra Pradesh budget. There are allegations that in most years, funds allocated to Telangana were never spent. Telangana JAC leaders say that only 20% of the total Government employees, less than 10% of employees in the secretariat, and less than 5% of department heads in the Andhra Pradesh government are from Telangana.None of these allegations were proved wrong by the  Sri Krishna Committee  due to lack of data, and its choice to compare regions. Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel that the agreements, plans, and assurances from the legislature and Lok Sabha over the last fifty years have not been honoured, and as a consequence Telangana has remained neglected, exploited, and backward. They feel that separation is the best solution. Srikrishna Committee report The Srikrishna committee on Telangana submitted its report in two volumes to the Home Ministry of India on 30 December 2010. In an all-party meeting on 6 January 2011, the Home ministry made the 505-page Srikrishna committee report public. Section 9-3 (page 440) of the report[69]discusses six solutions. The Committee announced that they were recommending keeping the State united, and advised constitutional and statutory measures for socio-economic development and political empowerment of Telangana region through the creation of a statutorily-empowered Telangana Regional Council. Telangana leaders say the best option from the Sri Krishna committee report is the formation of separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital. They plan to pressure the Central government to zero in on this option as the only workable one. The MP also lashed out at Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) President K Chandrasekhar Rao, and alleged that KCR was misusing the Telangana sentiment to get all prominent posts for his family members and people belonging to the upper caste. In the name of Telangana, KCR and his family members joined the Congress party and occupied all posts without giving a chance to weaker sections, The  2G spectrum scam  involved officials in the government of India illegally undercharging  mobile telephony  companies for  frequency allocation  licenses, which they would use to create  2G  subscriptions for  cell phones. According to a report submitted by the  Comptroller and Auditor Generalbased on money collected from  2G  licenses, the loss to the exchequer was  176,379  crore  (US$38. 27 billion). The issuing of the 2G licenses occurred in 2008, but the scam came to public notice when the  Indian Income Tax Department  investigated political lobbyist  Niira Radia  and the  Supreme Court of India  took  Subramaniam Swamys complaints on record ? 2G licenses issued to private telecom players at throwaway prices in 2008 ? CAG: Spectrum scam has cost the government  Rs. 1. 76 lakh crore ? CAG: Rules and procedures flouted while issuing licenses CHEAP TELECOM LICENSES *   Entry fee for spectrum licenses in 2008 pegged at 2001 prices *   Mobile subscriber base had shot up to 350 million in 2008 from 4 million in 2001 NO PROCEDURES FOLLOWED * Rules changed after the game had begun * Cut-off date for applications advanced by a week * Licenses issued on a first-come-first-served basis * No proper auction process followed, no bids invited Raja ignored advice of TRAI, Law Ministry, Finance Ministry * TRAI had recommended auctioning of spectrum at market rates Politicians involved * A. Raja, the Ex-Minister of Communications and Information Technology  who was the minister when the controversial second round of spectrum allocations took place. Mr. Raja, an MP of the  Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam  from the  Nilgiris  constituency, was forced to resign following the public outcry. * Arun Shourie, th e minister for Telecom during 2003 in the previous BJP regime. It was Arun Shourie who introduced the controversial technology neutral Unified Access(both Basic amp; Celluler) Services License, which allowed fixed line operators who had paid much lower license fees to offer mobile phone services, at first in the limited WLL mode (Wireless local loop) and later, following an out of court settlement between mobile operators and the BJP govt, full mobility. This gave an advantage to players like Reliance and Tata Teleservices who managed to get mobile spectrum without paying the hefty fees that earlier operators like  BPL Mobile  had paid. Pramod Mahajan, the minister for Telecom between 1999 and 2003. Mr. Mahajan was the minister when the BJP Government took the controversial decision to shift from a license fee based regime to a revenue sharing model which was roundly condemned both by political parties and by economic experts. [4]  The  Comptroller and Auditor General  also filed adverse reports citing a loss of over  64,000  crore  (US$13. 89 billion)  caused by this decision. The crux of  A. Rajas defence is that he was following a policy of 2G allocations put in place by the BJP and it ould be unfair to levy prices based on 3G spectrum to 2G licenses. Pramod Mahajan, who was seen to be friendly with various corporate houses, had been brought in to replace  Jagmohan  as Telecom minister just days before the decision was announced. The houses and offices of the bureaucrat were recently raided by the  Central Bureau of Investigation  as part of their investigations. R K Chandolia, private secretary of Raja during UPA-I when the licences were awarded. He was an  Indian Economic Service  officer of the 1984 batch cadre. When Raja became the Telecom Minister once again in UPA-II, Chandolia had been promoted to the Joint Secretary rank. Raja re-designated him Economic Adviser, that gave him the charge of all important policy-related work. Chandolia interacted with all the licensees. It is said that it was Chandolia who, from DDG-access services A K Srivastavas room, had handed out letters of intent to representatives of various companies. [8] The Central Bureau of Investigation on Tuesday night arrested Dynamix Balwas group managing director Shahid Usman Balwa in connection with the 2G spectrum allocation scam. Season 3 was under the leadership of Lalit Modi , however Season 4 is going to be under the leadership of Chirayu Amin. He has already promised a bigger and better IPL and has promised to run it in a transparent manner. This year there was a lot of allegation of match fixing . BCCI and its pet Indian Premier League came under Income Tax raids. IPL Season 4 is going to have 10 teams , 74 matches and 45 days of action. No player can play more than 14 matches . This rule is laid to prevent player burnout. Sony / World Sport Group has won the rights for 10 years at Rs 8,700 crore (US$ 1. 94 billion) For IPL 4 , BCCI has asked MSM to pay Rs. 190 crores extra. This extra amount is to compensate for the increase in number of matches. The extra money will be paid for the 14 matches in a pro rate basis. Mahela Jayawardene  has been appointed captain of the new IPL  franchise  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Kochi. The 33-year-old former Sri Lankan captain was purchased by the Team Kochi for a whopping $1. 5 million at the player auction last month. Until last year for the previous 3 seasons of IndianPremier  League, he was part of the Kings XI Punjab  franchise. The  2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the  XIX  Commonwealth Games, were held in  Delhi,  India, from 3 to 14 October 2010. A total of 6,081 athletes from 71  Commonwealth nations and dependencies  competed in 21 sports and 272 events. It was the largest international  multi-sport event  to be staged in Delhi and India, eclipsing the  Asian Games  in  1951  and  1982. The  opening  and closing ceremonies were held at the  Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, the main stadium of the event. It was the first time that the Commonwealth Games were held in India and the second time it was held in Asia after  Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia  in  1998. The official mascot of the Games was  Shera  and the official song of the Games, Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto, was composed by celebrated Indian  musician  A.R. Rahman. Initially,  several concerns and controversies  surfaced before the start of the Games. Despite these concerns, all member nations of the  Commonwealth of Nations  participated in the event, except  Fiji, which is suspended from the Commonwealth, andTokelau, which didnt send a team. A widely-praised  opening ceremony  helped improve the image of the Games. [2][3]  The concerns raised during the buildup to the Games proved largely unfounded as most events progressed smoothly. The final  medal tally  was led by  Australia. The host nation India gave its  strongest performance yet  to emerge second, while  England  placed third. The day after the conclusion of the Games, the Indian Government announced the formation of a special investigation committee to probe the allegations of corruption and mismanagement that had marred the buildup to the Games. [4][5] India  won 101 medals in total, including 38 Gold medals, enabling it to finish the Games at second position behind  Australia  and just ahead of  England. For the first time in the history of the Games India won over 100 medals in total.

Better Law Making Essay -- essays research papers

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, 5.6.2002 COM(2002) 275 final COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION European Governance: Better lawmaking . .. 2 Accountability, effectiveness, proportionality In July 2001, the Commission presented its White Paper on European Governance. The basic message was a simple one and is as topical now as it was then: we need to govern ourselves better, together – European institutions and Member States. We can do this without changing the Treaty, without necessarily wait ing for the successful outcome of a new intergovernmental conference. Better governance together means active cooperation between the European Parliament, the Council, the Commission and the nat ional governments so that the people of Europe can see more clearly how they fit into major projects and into the EU's day-to-day business. One thing we have to acknowledge is the richness of the Community method. Compared wit h other systems of internat ional relat ions, it produces rules which can be applied in any nat ional context and which have the backing of legal certainty. But this very success raises further questions. There are a lot of complex issues at stake now in enacting good European legislat ion which is mindful of the principles of subsidiarit y and proportionalit y. People nowadays take an interest in the effectiveness of the rules handed down "from Brussels" and the way they are drawn up. The advent of a democratic conscience is strengthening the need for accountability and proportionality in the way powers vested in the European inst itutions are exercised. This need is expressed more especially in transparency, clarity and the willingness to stand up to scrutiny. What we have here, then, is a veritable ethical requirement. The resolut ion adopted by the European Parliament in November 2001 in the wake of the Kaufmann report strengthens this requirement still further. By clearly stressing the primacy of polit ical accountabilit y behind legislat ive act ion, the resolution brings out the need for more transparent, equitable and disputational consultat ion: it is the very qualit y of the legislat ion which is under scrutiny. Three communications for better lawmaking Inspired by this resolution and by the init ial react ions during the consultat ions on the White Paper concerning the "better law... ...ve is the indispensable counterpart to majorit y voting in the Council, in as much as the Commission's right of init iat ive guarantees vital minorit y interests when it comes to defining the general interest. In tomorrow's world, this balanced view of the general interest will be even more important with a view to ensuring its autonomy, and that is the very point of the action plan for better lawmaking. Similarly, the complementarit y between the inst itutions, which is at the very heart of the unique Communit y system, will mean having to consolidate this refocusing effort, as prompted by the governance reforms, and for reasons of accountability, proportionality, transparency and legal certainty. And finally, with the move towards more rationalised consultations, the systemat ic and a priori consideration of the impacts the proposed legislat ion will have, we are touching on the vital quest ion of the intensit y of Communit y act ion, lying at the very heart of the balance between effect iveness and the preservat ion of diversit ies which should, according to the Laeken declarat ion, help to clarify the way powers are exercised between the EU and its Member States.

Justice in Plato’s Republic

Plato Republic presents the concepts of psychic justice and psychic virtue. This is different from what in normally observed as justice and virtue. Thus, when apparently good deeds are ostensibly rewarded, and, correspondingly, evils deeds are punished, that is considered to be justice. But Plato is suggesting that appearances are deceptive, and that true justice and virtue are not so easily recognizable. The matter needs to be considered by essences, not appearances. In this way is derived psychic justice and virtue. And when we arrive at the latter understanding we overcome the contradictions found in the first view. For in the apparent view evil seems to be rewarded, while virtue is punished, in the normal course of life. The object of Plato is thus to convince that the just life in preferable to the unjust. As in all the dialogues of Plato, the argument is presented as that of Socrates, and in which the Athenian philosopher systematically overcomes all possible objections to the proposed thesis. Republic is possibly the most elaborately presented argument of Plato, and is also the longest. This essay argues that all the objections raised, by the friends and acquaintances of Socrates, regarding the principle proposition stated above, are answered comprehensively. Evidence seems to contradict the claim of Socrates that the just life is always to be preferred, and this is the principle objection raised by all detractors. In Book I the objection is raised by the rich host Cephalus, and by the cynical Thrasymachus. Cephalus is not confrontational, but merely smug in his conviction that wealth has allowed him to practice virtue. Socrates confounds him by asking whether he would return a lethal weapon to its rightful owner when it is certain that he is not in the right frame of mind and will commit mischief with it. Thrasymachus is intolerant of the dialectical method of Socrates, and demands a positive answer to the question of what justice is. He himself volunteers the positive opinion that justice is the interest of the powerful. Socrates makes the argument that no act is in the interest of the powerful, but is necessarily in the interest of the weaker. For example, the potter makes pots for those who have no inkling of the art of pottery, but would nevertheless like to use one. The potter (the strong) is successful if he can satisfy the non-potter (the weak). Since justice must be equated with success, the just act is committed in the interest of the weak. By a similar argument, the just act cannot inflict harm, neither to the just subject, nor to the recipient of justice, and in this way Socrates refutes the other claim of Thrasymachus that the unjust are happy, while the just suffer. This is the substance of the argument the Glaucon and Adeimantus have so far absorbed, and are only partially convinced by. They remain in the company after Thrasymachus and Cephalus have departed, and are the principal agents to take the argument forward. They proceed to raise the same challenge of Thrasymachus, but in a less confrontational way, and with an earnest inclination to find out. Socrates’ conclusion that the just are rewarded while the unjust destroy themselves seems to them to utterly contradict plain evidence. Glaucon cannot accept that acts of justice are desired â€Å"both for their own sake and for the sake of their results† (Plato 45). Everyone knows, he suggests, that the virtuous act is undertaken with a dread of unpleasant consequences. He puts forward a picture of two extremes; on the one hand there is the rich hypocrite who the world recognizes as virtuous, and on the other the poor and virtuous man who is also castigated by society as evil. This is not far removed from reality, and Glaucon pleads where the benefits of justice and virtue are in view here. Adeimantus stresses the same point, going further to quote the poets who maintain â€Å"that honesty is for the most part less profitable than dishonesty; and they are quite ready to call wicked men happy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ibid 53). Socrates at this point brings forward the crux of his argument – it is a ploy to consider the macrocosm before the microcosm. Justice and virtue must prevail in the Republic before it is possible at the atomic level of the individual. If the Republic is just, then its virtues will be far more visible than it would be in the case of the individual, and this due to its size. The workings of the state are more open to examination then the workings of the soul. In this wise Socrates is prepared to embark on an epic reconstruction of the Republic. Much of this discussion in phrased in terms of â€Å"should be†, but it is important that we remember that it is not political science which Plato is attempting. The Republic is put forward only as a mirror to the soul. It is phrased in terms of â€Å"should be† because justice is the quest, and the just Republic is necessarily constructed on what ought to be. Once justice is located here, and recognized, it throws invaluable light on the corresponding map of the soul. In the end Glaucon and Adeimantus are convinced that there is justice in the Republic. Each step in Socrates’ argument is built on the idea that the unjust, as a league, are incapable of any constructive effort. Even while refuting Thrasymachus, Socrates has argued that the unjust are against both their own kind, and their opposite kind (the just), while the just, at the very least, are in favor of the just. Therefore, all that is constructive and beneficial stems from the virtue of the just. On this crucial argument Socrates bases his reconstruction, and therefore justice is seen to prevail in every facer of the Republic. What exactly this justice is Socrates confesses not to know, yet there are three other qualities that must precede it – wisdom, courage and temperance. Each member of society has a requisite knowledge which answers a calling in life, and which is necessary for survival. The sum of such atomized knowledge is the wisdom of the state. The highest calling of all is that of the guardians of the state, and in them is the greatest wisdom, for they guide all others and thereby secure the greatest good. In particular, they determine the education, and they censor the arts, knowing what is conducive to the whole. Courage is in the defenders of the state. Temperance in distributed throughout society, for everyone must know the right measure of things. Socrates argues that both wealth and poverty are detrimental to the artisan. Wealth makes him inattentive to his art, while in poverty he cannot afford the means to practice. Therefore, the circumstances that prevail in a healthy Republic forces temperance on one and all. If this is a just Republic, argues Socrates, where justice, wisdom, courage and temperance prevail, than justice must be that which is left after wisdom, courage and temperance have been extracted from the whole. Having identified justice in the macrocosm, Socrates goes on to find its correspondence in the microcosm, which is in the soul of man. He distinguishes two types of knowledge, one guided by the rational principle, the other following the appetites, or the gratification of the five senses. Just as the higher wisdom of the guardians in the state guide the knowledge of all others, so the rational principle of the soul controls the appetites, and this makes for the wisdom of the soul. In the case of the Republic it has been shown that if each individual is allowed to function properly in his own calling then this constitutes justice in the wider body politic. Similarly, when the rational principle of the soul guides every facet of the human to function properly, then not only has the individual attained to justice, but also to health, for then each part is in harmony with the other and there is no discord. In this state justice, wisdom, courage and temperance prevail together, and as in the case of the Republic, justice is that which remains after the other three. We call this psychic justice, because we do not see it for itself, but only discover its existence after examination of the human psyche. It is not possible to refute the existence of psychic justice, and all the objections raised against it have been answered completely by Socrates. It is only a question of how worthy one considers it to be. It is not only a question of following the argument, but also of perceiving the inner import of it. Socrates therefore provides three answers to the same question, suited to the attitudes of the questioners. Cephalus must only be disturbed from his smug righteousness. The confrontational Thrasymachus can only be refuted with hard logic, for he cannot be made to comprehend. In Glaucon and Adeimantus, however, Socrates senses a desperate willingness to learn. â€Å"[T]here is something truly divine in being able to argue as you have done for the superiority of injustice,† he tells them, â€Å"and remaining unconvinced by your own arguments† (Ibid 58). The analogy of the Republic is introduced only to answer this honest query. In effect it is the same answer arrived at as the previous two, but nevertheless is special because it allows scope for inner comprehension. This is what Glaucon and Adeimantus come to in the end, and it is far more worth while to them then to merely follow logic. Of course appearances will continue to deceive, and Socrates maintains throughout that he still does not know what justice is. But if the only acquisition is a strengthening of faith in the higher justice, then the gain is substantial. To conclude, Plato introduces the concept of psychic justice, the purpose of which it to contradict the popular notion that the wicked and unjust reap the fruits of the world, while the just are easy prey for the evildoers. He introduces the analogy of the Republic, which is presented as the macrocosm that mirrors the microcosm that is the soul of man. In this way he identifies the justice that prevails in the Republic, and then finds the counterpart justice in the soul of man. In my opinion, psychic justice is to be considered above the apparent notions of justice, because appearances deceive. Plato raises his argument on the essential considerations of the human soul, and it is thus irrefutable.

A Certain Night Essay

Knowledge and Understanding 1. As it is quite obvious in the story, the narrator does not think that these men and women deserve to die. This is abundant when in the very last line of the story the narrator states, â€Å"when will it be light?† 2. Throughout the story, the narrator describes the communists as young, brave and handsome, although they are powerless martyrs. The narrator makes the nationalist seem â€Å"murderous looking,† and â€Å"cunning, malicious and smug.† The chief executioner has a â€Å"revolting moustache,† and an â€Å"evil voice†, as well as an â€Å"ugly and vicious face, which seemed to symbolize the cruelty of all the rulers to the oppressed.† This made it easy enough to distinguish between the communists and the nationalists. 3. The nationalists regard to the commended prisoners with no respect at all. It was because they didn’t care for them, because they were communists, and the nationalist police were just there to execute them. They were very rough towards them as they â€Å"pushed them clumsily and hard, hitting them with rifle butts and putting ropes round their chest to tie them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As well, they would refer to them as â€Å"criminals†, as they would count them one by one making them seem no more important than counting the hairs on your chin. The nationalist’s regards towards these prisoners were cruel and very careless. 4. Near the beginning of the story, the young poet becomes overthrown by anger and pain that he actually passes out. Once he saw a familiar face, he began to calm down and gather a sense of encouragement. This familiar face started to make him feel more brave and resolute. Near the end, the mood is totally flipped around when they remembered their g overnment was being formed. Their attitudes were now positive as they died, proudly singing for their country. 5. Ting Ling wrote this store to raise awareness of the disapproving murders the nationalist party committed. I think she honored her husband with the passionate, loyal, hardworking poet. Maybe she wrote this story more for her self, as a forever memory of her husband. Not only of his death, but also by showing her passion for her beliefs. 6. A major theme in the story is to stand your ground, and fight for what you believe in. In other words, be willing to die for what you stand for, but proudly. Another theme is showing the absolute cruelty of humans. It is showing the brutal behaviors humans can portray on one another. Thinking and Inquiry 1. The tone of this story is dark and bitter. Ting Ling achieves this in the characters emotions throughout the story. This is also shown through imagery, through the gloomy vibe of the story. Ting Ling used figurative language and vivid descriptions to make the story come across as both bitter and dark. 2. The setting of the story contributes to the tone because it is set up during a dark, cold, windy, snowy night. The overall mood of the story was both gloomy and somber, which contributes to the tone I think Ting Ling was going for. Everything from the prisoners falling down in the snow, to the soldiers stomping throughout it, made the tone come alive through the text. 3. There are many different symbols throughout the story. For the chief executioner, he resembles both cruelty and oppression whereas the young poet symbolizes innocence and better reform. At the end when the prisoners are singing to their death, it shows a sense of resistance, which symbolizes the acceptance of their death. 4. The sound of trampling feet connotes punishment as a result of the communists standing up for their beliefs. It also shows desperation because the prisoners have basically hit rock bottom, and have nothing left to do. Ting Ling repeats this image to implement the despair in the prisoners, and to get the point across. 5. This story reflects a political bias because they make the communists seem innocent, as if they have done nothing wrong. Not saying they are innocent, but it is persuading the audience as if they are so. Yes, it is wrong for the nationalists to execute them, but you don’t hear the past story between the two groups. Therefore, it reflects a political bias by only showing the â€Å"innocence† of the communists.

Using Music to Teach English Essays

Using Music to Teach English Essays Using Music to Teach English Essay Using Music to Teach English Essay 2.3 Previous Research Studies have shown that learning and thinking visually instead of verbal which is the traditional culture of learning, has improved the rate of understanding and mastering a language. Thus a change in teaching strategy should be required in the Malaysian curriculum. Educators need to concentrate more on teaching visually hence students will learn visually which will create a long term memory. In terms of mathematics, students dont just watch the teacher, they practically do the mathematics which improves their mathematical prowess (West, 1997). The strategy concentrates on learning through interactive visual music. An ideas is first settled in the mind and then words are absorbed later (West, 1997). This shows that if a teacher just teaches a language through visual music, a student first gets the idea of what English language is all about and then gets the specific words that may be explained. If a teacher just teaches without imagery or audio music a student might also not grasp th e words or message the teacher is conveying, Teaching with Music in the Classroom Previous research have shown that teaching using music in English lessons improves learning but with different level of success. Ana (2016) shows how music affects students who may have varying level of prior knowledge of the English language as they acquire descriptive and procedural knowledge. When prior knowledge of English is low, use of music whether audio or visual, is better for understanding facts that are descriptive than lessons undertaken by the use of written texts only. However, understanding facts that are procedural does not indicate any difference between the use of music and written texts. Students whose prior knowledge level is high, show a significant improvement in both procedural and descriptive knowledge when music is used compared to written texts only (Ana, 2016). Shens et al. (2009) research showed that learners with varying levels of prior knowledge perform differently to different teaching presentations for attaining learning tasks. They argued that there i s a meaningful interconnection between the influence of visual design and prior knowledge of students in regard to learning in a situation where visual music is used. If the motions in the visual music are inconsistent, it might distract the learning process of a student and in such a case audio music will be better. Another research indicated that, Giving out visual control of music improves learning, specifically in males (Claudia, 2002). Kleinman et al. (1999) assessed the effects of certain visual properties in improving learning. They found out that visual music which is graphically colored created more effect on the learning process of a student than black and white visuals. Although, Myatt et al. (1999) found out that quite a number of participants prefer colored visuals, but there is no compelling comparison between the quantity or quality of learning and understanding not unless color is correlated to the content to be taught. The research goes ahead to indicate that young students prefer visuals which are simple while older students prefer visuals which are complex. Regardless of the age group, simple visuals are always more effective than complex visuals (Myatt et al., 1999). The types of visuals students prefer to view do not necessarily facilitate their learning process. Mayer et al. (1996) differentiated the application of summarized interactive media consisting of a series of defined demonstrations describing the sequence in a procedure, with a summarized text comprising of 600 words. The knowledge retained and transferred in different quantity of texts and multimedia summary was also analyzed. The conclusion indicates that verbal is less productive than multimedia. The results show that shortened summaries are more effective specifically when words and demonstrations through visuals are used together. The participants in this research had inferior standard of prior knowledge of the lesson. The researchers believed that the results would be different if experienced learners had participated. This research shows that, music is more effective in inexperienced students in a specific subject. It also shows that, incorporating both visual and verbal illustration method simplifies mental intermediaries in learning. Current Research in English Language Teaching Alex (2016) acknowledged the cognitive styles applied by learners and their experience in language. The research compared the use of texts and visuals only and use of text only teaching materials. Inexperienced learners with lingual cognitive styles performed best when text and visuals were used simultaneously. The inexperienced learners with imagery cognitive styles performed best with the use of texts only. The outcomes were different with the expected findings. However, generally learners portrayed better performance in test scores when using text and visual simultaneously. Moreover, inexperienced learners from both learning approaches classifications portrayed greater performance in test results than skilled learners. The comparison in results between inexperienced learners and experienced learners correlate with findings form a research carried out by Chanlin (1998). Difference in the types of visuals used in teaching were studied by Simone (2016) found out that there is no significance difference in accomplishments by learners exposed by various visual mapping methods. Although the duration in which learners were exposed to the respective visual embellished instructional treatments influenced learning results. Learners who were given the opportunity to learn according to their own speed performed better than those who were stipulated the specific time to learn. Previous research finds out that use of optic components in educating and understanding produce positive outcomes. For learners to benefit from visual enhancements, teachers should have skills that involve imagery language and techniques of visual teaching. Therefore, teachers should be guided on the appropriate ways to use visuals music and audio which will be effective in learning. Outcomes of the effect of optic articulacy in English lessons can be studied further through educators assessing and evaluating their modern use of music and comparing the music content of lessons and academic achievements of the students. More study to establish mechanisms that quantify a persons level of music articulacy, constituting the ability to create and interpret optic communication and expression which is fundamental in assessing the general effect on students education. Moreover, the labeling of probable interconnections among other variables such as demographic traits and educational approach is required for an extensive research of the idea of music optic and audio articulacy. Using Songs for Teaching English 2.4 Theoretical Framework The table below shows the theoretical framework of this research. The sequence will be indicated from top to bottom. Dual Coding Theory Independent Variables: Music Dependent Variables: English Language Krashens Monitor Model Figure 2.4.1: Theoretical Framework This research has adopted Dual Coding theory. Dual Coding theory indicates that oral and visual information are each prepared adversely undergoing exclusive methods with the brain establishing contrasting models for information prepared in each channel. This theory is a linking framework for both speaking and reading. When learners comprehend the written information, dual coding theory claims that the learners access phonological and orthographic information to identify words in the texts. In terms of variables, there are two variables which are independent and dependent variables. In this research visual and audio music is the independent variable while using music in teaching and learning English is the dependent variable. Music can portray the culture of a certain language in the recent history (Clara, 2016). Music does not only improve teaching, but it also enhances learning. Aristotle one of the Greek philosophers stated that, thinking is impossible without image (Benson, 1997). This is in the case of visual music. Images with meaning resulted into characters in alphabets (West, 1997). This research adopts the monitor model of Krashen. The monitor model of Krashen has depicted five hypotheses (Krashen, 1983). The first hypothesis is the Learning or Acquisition hypothesis which claims that there are two absolute processes of development of the second language: the learned order and acquired order. The second one, is the Natural order hypothesis which states that the acquirement of grammatical anatomy follows a natural order which can be predicted. The third one is the Monitor hypothesis which suggests that the correlation between learning and acquisition and explains the influence of learning on acquisition. The fourth is the Input hypothesis which explains how the student obtains a second language. It just defines the process of second language acquisition by a learner. The fifth is the Affective hypothesis which represents Krashens opinion that a few affective variables which play a useful but deliberate character in acquisition of second language. These variables comprise of: anxiety, self confidence and motivation. Modern Method of Teaching English 2.5 Summary Teaching is not as easy as conveying and imparting knowledge to learners. In the teaching career, teachers encounter many students with contrasting learning styles, academic requirements and characteristics on daily basis. Therefore, in consideration of teachers personalization, individualization and localization of their teaching, so that it can harmonize with every student, various abilities and expertise in teaching and a lot of classroom experiences are required. Students participation and engagement is the main aspect in attaining the teaching itself (Clara, 2016). Due to this, tools and strategies adopted to help in teaching play a key role in creating an interest of students in learning. They will engage actively in teaching and learning process if they are attracted to the English lesson. Using music in English lessons is one strategy to attract students attentiveness. In accordance to dual coding theory, when information is double coded, the chances of being retrieved, memorized and applied are high. Dual coding theory also hypothesizes that that images and words activate the mental processing in various ways. Moreover, some of the research such as the ones undertaken by Kleinman (1999) and Mayer (1996) authenticated the positive impact created by Dual Coding Theory. With all the assertions, it is now certain that the of music whether visual or audio enhance English teaching and learning which the Malaysian curriculum should adopt for better communication and understanding of the language.